In the wake of Russia’s illegal and unprovoked invasion, NATO Allies have surged aid to Ukraine – pouring in all forms of vital assistance, including military, economic, humanitarian, political and diplomatic believing that Ukraine’s self-defence is legitimate and its sovereign rights worth…

If Putin’s Russia manages to achieve some of its objectives in Ukraine by the use of brutal force, it could de facto upend the post-WWII world order, based on the UN Charter and a network of international conventions and institutions. A much more volatile Europe with few, if any, universally agreed…

The Black Sea region (BSR) is a strategic fault line between the NATO Alliance and Russia. Except for Türkiye, the region came into the post-Cold War era profoundly unsettled about the strategic direction of its littoral states. The region’s east-west split resulted in a series of conflicts,…

Russia’s war in Ukraine is the most violent and consequential war in Europe since the end of World War II. Its outcome will likely determine the shape of great power competition for the remainder of the 21st century. This special report outlines the variables leading to Russia’s full invasion on…

Russia’s aggression against Ukraine and its willingness to deploy energy as a geopolitical weapon have destroyed its reliability as an energy supplier. A mass European exodus from Russian oil and gas markets has occurred. It is very unlikely that these energy markets will ever return to the status…

Since the beginning of Russia’s latest unlawful and unwarranted invasion of Ukraine, egregious violations of international law have taken place. Ordering and leading an attack on Ukraine, in breach of international law and without legitimate justification, constitutes a crime of aggression. The…

Novel Materials are essential for the progress of science and technology, and their continued research and development is vital to meeting current and future challenges facing NATO nations. Additive Manufacturing (3D printing) facilitates more rapid integration of new technologies and the…

The accession of new members since the end of the Cold War reinforced NATO as the world’s most successful military alliance and the pillar of transatlantic security. The future membership of current NATO aspirants – Bosnia and Herzegovina, Georgia, Sweden and Ukraine – would further expand the area…

Russian disinformation poses a serious threat to the security and democracy of Euro-Atlantic area countries. By eroding the distinction between reality and fiction, the Kremlin and its supporters seek to amplify societal divisions and destabilise Allied and partner states. They also seek to…

While rightly focused on the immediate task of helping Ukraine to prevail in Russia’s unjust and brutal war, the Allies must not lose sight of the systemic, long-term challenge an authoritarian and revisionist China poses to Allies’ interests, security and values as it seeks to revisit the rules-…

Critical infrastructure in the maritime domain facilitates the continuous delivery of basic services such as energy and communication, particularly the internet. The importance of these networks has dramatically increased in recent years, yet the responsibilities for protecting and regulating them…

Democratic societies today are on the cusp of partially retreating from what some analysts describe as an era of hyper-globalisation because of national security considerations but also because of its apparent consequences for communities marginalised by the logic of open international markets. But…

Russia’s invasion of Ukraine unleashed the most violent and consequential conventional war on the European continent since World War II. The war sent immediate shockwaves that continue to resonate along the Alliance’s eastern flank, from the High North down to the Black and Mediterranean Seas. The…

The world is currently in the grip of an unprecedented food security crisis. A combination of complex and interrelated challenges has undone decades of efforts by the international community to eradicate hunger. Among these challenges, conflict continues to act as the main driver of food insecurity…

Ukraine’s reconstruction will not simply be essential for Ukraine. It will, in fact, be critical to reinforcing Europe’s security architecture and its democratic way of life. Indeed, European peace, security and economic vitality ultimately require a sovereign, democratic, and prosperous Ukraine…

The roles of Robotics and Autonomous Systems (RAS) for military forces are steadily growing. While their integration into existing military force structures remains an issue, they will be crucial for the development of future military capabilities. Uncrewed systems may militarise areas that were…